Loneliness, Isolation Are Bigger Health Threats than Obesity
Obesity always makes headlines for being one of the biggest health threats in the U.S. (as well as globally). But according to a recent study, loneliness and social isolation may be even more deadly than obesity or than smoking 15 cigarettes a day. Lack of social connection can be so deadly, in fact, that the feeling of loneliness is a stronger predictor of mortality than obesity. [1]
Social isolation and loneliness are different, but they are typically connected. Social isolation, or lack of social connection, means you have a lack of contact with other people. Loneliness is more about lacking an emotional connection, and it’s something you can feel even if you’re surrounded by people.
Julianne Holt-Lunstad, who is a professor of psychology and neuroscience at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, and her colleagues discovered that social isolation and loneliness may increase the risk of premature death by as much as 50%.
The researchers came to these conclusions by conducting two meta-analyses of studies exploring potential links between loneliness, social isolation, and mortality. [2]
Their findings were presented at the 125th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, held in Washington, D.C.
More than 300,000 adults encompassing 148 studies were involved in the first meta-analysis, while the second included 70 studies involving over 3.4 million adults.
In the first meta-analysis, Holt-Lunstad and her team found that the risk of dying early was 50% lower among people who said they had good social connections, compared with those who reported being more socially isolated.
The team found in the second meta-analysis that loneliness, social isolation, and living alone all increased the risk of early death.
Overall, the combination of loneliness, social isolation, and living alone was found to increase the risk of premature death as much, if not more, than obesity and other major health conditions. By comparison, obesity increases the risk of dying before age 70 by about 30%. [1] [3]
Holt-Lunstad said:
“There is robust evidence that social isolation and loneliness significantly increase risk for premature mortality, and the magnitude of the risk exceeds that of many leading health indicators.” [3]
This, according to Holt-Lunstad, is worrisome considering that the aging population is growing. [2]
“Indeed, many nations around the world now suggest we are facing a ‘loneliness epidemic.’ The challenge we face now is what can be done about it.” [2]
She continued:
“Being connected to others socially is widely considered a fundamental human need––crucial to both well-being and survival.
Extreme examples show infants in custodial care who lack human contact fail to thrive and often die, and indeed, social isolation or solitary confinement has been used as a form of punishment.
Yet an increasing portion of the population now experiences isolation regularly.” [3]
A separate, related study found that people who are socially isolated have elevated latent herpes virus reactivation and more inflammation proteins in their body as a result of the stress of being alone.
Loneliness Sparks Chronic Inflammation
Chronic inflammation in the body can cause a number of serious health conditions such as type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, arthritis, and cognitive impairment.
Reactivation of the latent herpes virus is relative to stress indicating that loneliness acts like a stress trigger resulting in a stressed immune system. This is why herpes seems to reactive very often during old age.
Additionally, schools should emphasize the importance of friendship and connectedness, she said, and doctors should include social connectedness in medical screening.
The Importance of Social Interaction
This is why Holt-Lunstad believes that social connections must be treated as a public health concern. To ease the burden, Holt-Lunstad says she thinks policy makers and community leaders need to provide even greater opportunities for locals to come together, such as by adding recreation centers and community gardens. [1]
So many people boast hundreds of Facebook “friends” but can barely count on two hands how many true friends they have in real life (if they can tell the difference at all).
If you feel that you’ve become socially isolated, why not try volunteering? It’s a great way to do good, feel better about yourself, and meet new people, i.e., potential friends.
Isolation increases your risk of premature death, but volunteering has been shown to lower the risk.
Sources:
[1] Pulse Headlines
[3] The Telegraph
